Wire rope consists of several strands of metal wire twisted helically about a central axis known as the core. Each individual cyllindrical steel rod or thread is known as a wire. Each group of wires twisted together forms a strand. A group of strands twisted around a central core known as a wire rope or cable. Sometimes a filler wire is used to fill voids between wires in a strand to provide stability to the shape of the cable.

Wire rope was originally created to replace steel chains which had a history of mechanical failure. Where one flaw or weak link in a chain could lead to catastrophic failure, flaws in steel cable are less critical as the remaining strands take up the load. Furthermore the twist of the fibers produces friction between the individual strands maintaining the strength of the cable even when there is some damage.

Historically wire rope was created using wrought iron however today wire ropes are typically made of stainless steel wire which is extremely resistant to corrosion and can withstand temperatures up to 1050°C.

Wire rope construction is designated by two numbers, the first is the number strands in the cable and the second refers the number of wires in each strand.